1. Automatic washing machine.
The automatic washing machine is a real-time application of an open-loop control system.
In automatic washing machine input is a dirty cloths & output is a clean cloth. Washing machine time set manually. After completion set time machine automatically stops. We may or may not get the desired clean cloths because of the no feedback from output to the input
The control system in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity so as to maintain the desired output are called closed-loop control system
PASSIVE ATTACK:
In passive attack, Attacker observe the message without modification. Monitored the transmitted data & read the information. It does not make any change in data & the system. not disturbe the communication channel & neither affect information